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Two Shorter Forms of the CES-D Depression Symptoms Index
Frank J. Kohout, PhD
University of Iowa
Lisa F. Berkman, PhD
Yale University School of Medicine
Denis A. Evans, MD
St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago
Joan Cornoni-Huntley, PhD
National Institute on Aging
Brief measurement devices can alleviate respondent burden and lower refusal rates in surveys. This article reports on a field test of two shorter forms of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) symptoms index in a multisite survey of persons 65 and older. Factor analyses demonstrate that the briefer forms tap the same symptom dimensions as does the original CES-D, and reliability statistics indicate that they sacrifice little precision. Simple transformations are presented to show how scores from the briefer forms can be compared to those of the original.
Journal of Aging and Health, Vol. 5, No. 2,
179-193 (1993)
DOI: 10.1177/089826439300500202

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T. M. Gill, E. A. Gahbauer, H. G. Allore, and L. Han
Transitions between frailty States among community-living older persons.
Arch Intern Med,
February 27, 2006;
166(4):
418 - 423.
[Abstract]
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C M Bernaards, M P Jans, S G van den Heuvel, I J Hendriksen, I L Houtman, and P M Bongers
Can strenuous leisure time physical activity prevent psychological complaints in a working population?
Occup. Environ. Med.,
January 1, 2006;
63(1):
10 - 16.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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K. L. Fiori, T. C. Antonucci, and K. S. Cortina
Social Network Typologies and Mental Health Among Older Adults
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci.,
January 1, 2006;
61(1):
P25 - P32.
[Abstract]
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L. C. Barry, T. M. Gill, R. D. Kerns, and M. C. Reid
Identification of Pain-Reduction Strategies Used by Community-Dwelling Older Persons
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.,
December 1, 2005;
60(12):
1569 - 1575.
[Abstract]
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J. J. McCann, L. E. Hebert, Y. Li, F. D. Wolinsky, D. W. Gilley, N. T. Aggarwal, J. M. Miller, and D. A. Evans
The Effect of Adult Day Care Services on Time to Nursing Home Placement in Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease
Gerontologist,
December 1, 2005;
45(6):
754 - 763.
[Abstract]
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C Peek-Asa, V Allareddy, J Yang, C Taylor, J Lundell, and C Zwerling
When one is not enough: prevalence and characteristics of homes not adequately protected by smoke alarms
Inj. Prev.,
December 1, 2005;
11(6):
364 - 368.
[Abstract]
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[PDF]
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M. C. Morris, D. A. Evans, C. C. Tangney, J. L. Bienias, and R. S. Wilson
Fish Consumption and Cognitive Decline With Age in a Large Community Study
Arch Neurol,
December 1, 2005;
62(12):
1849 - 1853.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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R. D. Abbott, G. W. Ross, L. R. White, C. M. Tanner, K. H. Masaki, J. S. Nelson, J. D. Curb, and H. Petrovitch
Excessive daytime sleepiness and subsequent development of Parkinson disease
Neurology,
November 8, 2005;
65(9):
1442 - 1446.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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L. I. Solberg, M. A. Trangle, and A. P. Wineman
Follow-Up and Follow-Through of Depressed Patients in Primary Care: The Critical Missing Components of Quality Care
J Am Board Fam Med,
November 1, 2005;
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520 - 527.
[Abstract]
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K. Kosloski, D. E. Stull, K. Kercher, and D. J. Van Dussen
Longitudinal Analysis of the Reciprocal Effects of Self-Assessed Global Health and Depressive Symptoms
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci.,
November 1, 2005;
60(6):
P296 - P303.
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M. T. Sturman, M. C. Morris, C. F. Mendes de Leon, J. L. Bienias, R. S. Wilson, and D. A. Evans
Physical Activity, Cognitive Activity, and Cognitive Decline in a Biracial Community Population
Arch Neurol,
November 1, 2005;
62(11):
1750 - 1754.
[Abstract]
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A. S. Buchman, R. S. Wilson, J. L. Bienias, R. C. Shah, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett
Change in body mass index and risk of incident Alzheimer disease
Neurology,
September 27, 2005;
65(6):
892 - 897.
[Abstract]
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S. C. Danhauer, C. R. Carlson, and M. A. Andrykowski
Positive Psychosocial Functioning in Later Life: Use of Meaning-Based Coping Strategies by Nursing Home Residents
Journal of Applied Gerontology,
August 1, 2005;
24(4):
299 - 318.
[Abstract]
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D. A Glei, D. A Landau, N. Goldman, Y.-L. Chuang, G. Rodriguez, and M. Weinstein
Participating in social activities helps preserve cognitive function: an analysis of a longitudinal, population-based study of the elderly
Int. J. Epidemiol.,
August 1, 2005;
34(4):
864 - 871.
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K. Boerner and V. R Cimarolli
Optimizing rehabilitation for adults with visual impairment: attention to life goals and their links to well-being
Clinical Rehabilitation,
July 1, 2005;
19(7):
790 - 798.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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J. Liang, B. A. Shaw, N. Krause, J. M. Bennett, E. Kobayashi, T. Fukaya, and Y. Sugihara
How Does Self-Assessed Health Change With Age? A Study of Older Adults in Japan
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci.,
July 1, 2005;
60(4):
S224 - S232.
[Abstract]
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S. A. Everson-Rose, K. A. Skarupski, J. L. Bienias, R. S. Wilson, D. A. Evans, and C. F. M. de Leon
Do Depressive Symptoms Predict Declines in Physical Performance in an Elderly, Biracial Population?
Psychosom Med,
July 1, 2005;
67(4):
609 - 615.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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D. Polsky, J. A. Doshi, S. Marcus, D. Oslin, A. Rothbard, N. Thomas, and C. L. Thompson
Long-term Risk for Depressive Symptoms After a Medical Diagnosis
Arch Intern Med,
June 13, 2005;
165(11):
1260 - 1266.
[Abstract]
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J. Liang, J. W. Brown, N. M. Krause, M. B. Ofstedal, and J. Bennett
Health and Living Arrangements Among Older Americans: Does Marriage Matter?
J Aging Health,
June 1, 2005;
17(3):
305 - 335.
[Abstract]
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M. C. Reid, C. S. Williams, and T. M. Gill
Back Pain and Decline in Lower Extremity Physical Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.,
June 1, 2005;
60(6):
793 - 797.
[Abstract]
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C Peek-Asa, C Zwerling, T Young, A M Stromquist, L F Burmeister, and J A Merchant
A population based study of reporting patterns and characteristics of men who abuse their female partners
Inj. Prev.,
June 1, 2005;
11(3):
180 - 185.
[Abstract]
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K. A. Skarupski, C. F. Mendes de Leon, J. L. Bienias, L. L. Barnes, S. A. Everson-Rose, R. S. Wilson, and D. A. Evans
Black-White Differences in Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults Over Time
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci.,
May 1, 2005;
60(3):
P136 - P142.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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F. D. Wolinsky, D. K. Miller, E. M. Andresen, T. K. Malmstrom, and J. P. Miller
Further Evidence for the Importance of Subclinical Functional Limitation and Subclinical Disability Assessment in Gerontology and Geriatrics
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci.,
May 1, 2005;
60(3):
S146 - S151.
[Abstract]
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[PDF]
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F. D. Wolinsky, D. K. Miller, E. M. Andresen, T. K. Malmstrom, and J. P. Miller
Reproducibility of Physical Performance and Physiologic Assessments
J Aging Health,
April 1, 2005;
17(2):
111 - 124.
[Abstract]
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