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Journal of Aging and Health
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Two Shorter Forms of the CES-D Depression Symptoms Index

Frank J. Kohout, PhD

University of Iowa

Lisa F. Berkman, PhD

Yale University School of Medicine

Denis A. Evans, MD

St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago

Joan Cornoni-Huntley, PhD

National Institute on Aging

Brief measurement devices can alleviate respondent burden and lower refusal rates in surveys. This article reports on a field test of two shorter forms of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) symptoms index in a multisite survey of persons 65 and older. Factor analyses demonstrate that the briefer forms tap the same symptom dimensions as does the original CES-D, and reliability statistics indicate that they sacrifice little precision. Simple transformations are presented to show how scores from the briefer forms can be compared to those of the original.

Journal of Aging and Health, Vol. 5, No. 2, 179-193 (1993)
DOI: 10.1177/089826439300500202


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GerontologistHome page
J. J. McCann, L. E. Hebert, Y. Li, F. D. Wolinsky, D. W. Gilley, N. T. Aggarwal, J. M. Miller, and D. A. Evans
The Effect of Adult Day Care Services on Time to Nursing Home Placement in Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease
Gerontologist, December 1, 2005; 45(6): 754 - 763.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Inj. Prev.Home page
C Peek-Asa, V Allareddy, J Yang, C Taylor, J Lundell, and C Zwerling
When one is not enough: prevalence and characteristics of homes not adequately protected by smoke alarms
Inj. Prev., December 1, 2005; 11(6): 364 - 368.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch NeurolHome page
M. C. Morris, D. A. Evans, C. C. Tangney, J. L. Bienias, and R. S. Wilson
Fish Consumption and Cognitive Decline With Age in a Large Community Study
Arch Neurol, December 1, 2005; 62(12): 1849 - 1853.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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NeurologyHome page
R. D. Abbott, G. W. Ross, L. R. White, C. M. Tanner, K. H. Masaki, J. S. Nelson, J. D. Curb, and H. Petrovitch
Excessive daytime sleepiness and subsequent development of Parkinson disease
Neurology, November 8, 2005; 65(9): 1442 - 1446.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Board Fam MedHome page
L. I. Solberg, M. A. Trangle, and A. P. Wineman
Follow-Up and Follow-Through of Depressed Patients in Primary Care: The Critical Missing Components of Quality Care
J Am Board Fam Med, November 1, 2005; 18(6): 520 - 527.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social ScienceHome page
K. Kosloski, D. E. Stull, K. Kercher, and D. J. Van Dussen
Longitudinal Analysis of the Reciprocal Effects of Self-Assessed Global Health and Depressive Symptoms
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., November 1, 2005; 60(6): P296 - P303.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch NeurolHome page
M. T. Sturman, M. C. Morris, C. F. Mendes de Leon, J. L. Bienias, R. S. Wilson, and D. A. Evans
Physical Activity, Cognitive Activity, and Cognitive Decline in a Biracial Community Population
Arch Neurol, November 1, 2005; 62(11): 1750 - 1754.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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NeurologyHome page
A. S. Buchman, R. S. Wilson, J. L. Bienias, R. C. Shah, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett
Change in body mass index and risk of incident Alzheimer disease
Neurology, September 27, 2005; 65(6): 892 - 897.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Journal of Applied GerontologyHome page
S. C. Danhauer, C. R. Carlson, and M. A. Andrykowski
Positive Psychosocial Functioning in Later Life: Use of Meaning-Based Coping Strategies by Nursing Home Residents
Journal of Applied Gerontology, August 1, 2005; 24(4): 299 - 318.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Int J EpidemiolHome page
D. A Glei, D. A Landau, N. Goldman, Y.-L. Chuang, G. Rodriguez, and M. Weinstein
Participating in social activities helps preserve cognitive function: an analysis of a longitudinal, population-based study of the elderly
Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2005; 34(4): 864 - 871.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Clin RehabilHome page
K. Boerner and V. R Cimarolli
Optimizing rehabilitation for adults with visual impairment: attention to life goals and their links to well-being
Clinical Rehabilitation, July 1, 2005; 19(7): 790 - 798.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social ScienceHome page
J. Liang, B. A. Shaw, N. Krause, J. M. Bennett, E. Kobayashi, T. Fukaya, and Y. Sugihara
How Does Self-Assessed Health Change With Age? A Study of Older Adults in Japan
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., July 1, 2005; 60(4): S224 - S232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Psychosom. Med.Home page
S. A. Everson-Rose, K. A. Skarupski, J. L. Bienias, R. S. Wilson, D. A. Evans, and C. F. M. de Leon
Do Depressive Symptoms Predict Declines in Physical Performance in an Elderly, Biracial Population?
Psychosom Med, July 1, 2005; 67(4): 609 - 615.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch Intern MedHome page
D. Polsky, J. A. Doshi, S. Marcus, D. Oslin, A. Rothbard, N. Thomas, and C. L. Thompson
Long-term Risk for Depressive Symptoms After a Medical Diagnosis
Arch Intern Med, June 13, 2005; 165(11): 1260 - 1266.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Aging HealthHome page
J. Liang, J. W. Brown, N. M. Krause, M. B. Ofstedal, and J. Bennett
Health and Living Arrangements Among Older Americans: Does Marriage Matter?
J Aging Health, June 1, 2005; 17(3): 305 - 335.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
M. C. Reid, C. S. Williams, and T. M. Gill
Back Pain and Decline in Lower Extremity Physical Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., June 1, 2005; 60(6): 793 - 797.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Inj. Prev.Home page
C Peek-Asa, C Zwerling, T Young, A M Stromquist, L F Burmeister, and J A Merchant
A population based study of reporting patterns and characteristics of men who abuse their female partners
Inj. Prev., June 1, 2005; 11(3): 180 - 185.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social ScienceHome page
K. A. Skarupski, C. F. Mendes de Leon, J. L. Bienias, L. L. Barnes, S. A. Everson-Rose, R. S. Wilson, and D. A. Evans
Black-White Differences in Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults Over Time
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., May 1, 2005; 60(3): P136 - P142.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social ScienceHome page
F. D. Wolinsky, D. K. Miller, E. M. Andresen, T. K. Malmstrom, and J. P. Miller
Further Evidence for the Importance of Subclinical Functional Limitation and Subclinical Disability Assessment in Gerontology and Geriatrics
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., May 1, 2005; 60(3): S146 - S151.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Aging HealthHome page
F. D. Wolinsky, D. K. Miller, E. M. Andresen, T. K. Malmstrom, and J. P. Miller
Reproducibility of Physical Performance and Physiologic Assessments
J Aging Health, April 1, 2005; 17(2): 111 - 124.
[Abstract] [PDF]