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Journal of Aging and Health, Vol. 5, No. 3, 291-305 (1993)
DOI: 10.1177/089826439300500301

Functional Impairment and Co-Disability in the Oldest Old

A Multidimensional Approach

Steven H. Zarit, PhD

Pennsylvania State University

Boo Johansson, PhD

Institutet för Gerontologi

Stig Berg, PhD

Institutet för Gerontologi

Using a multidimensional approach, we explore rates of co-disability in a representative sample of the oldest old living in Sweden. Drawing from census data, 324 subjects ranging in age from 84 to 90 were identified and evaluated for five domains of functioning: sensory, mobility, physical activities of daily living (PADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and cognitive. Three patterns of functioning were found: (1) a minority of high-functioning subjects (23%) with no or only mild disability in any domain; (2) a group (17%) with IADL deficits only; and (3) a majority of subjects (55%) with multiple disabilities. These results suggest that an accurate portrayal of the oldest old requires a multidimensional approach in which the interrelations among domains of functioning are taken into account Of particular relevance for planning services and care is the heterogeneity of this population, which necessitates a flexible mix of supportive programs that match the resources and abilities of the individual.


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