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Journal of Aging and Health, Vol. 5, No. 2, 179-193 (1993)
DOI: 10.1177/089826439300500202

Two Shorter Forms of the CES-D Depression Symptoms Index

Frank J. Kohout, PhD

University of Iowa

Lisa F. Berkman, PhD

Yale University School of Medicine

Denis A. Evans, MD

St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago

Joan Cornoni-Huntley, PhD

National Institute on Aging

Brief measurement devices can alleviate respondent burden and lower refusal rates in surveys. This article reports on a field test of two shorter forms of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) symptoms index in a multisite survey of persons 65 and older. Factor analyses demonstrate that the briefer forms tap the same symptom dimensions as does the original CES-D, and reliability statistics indicate that they sacrifice little precision. Simple transformations are presented to show how scores from the briefer forms can be compared to those of the original.


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