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Journal of Aging and Health, Vol. 19, No. 5, 851-866 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0898264307305207

Increasing Physical Exercise Levels

Age-Specific Benefits of Planning

Urte Scholz, PhD

Universität Zürich, Switzerland, urte.scholz{at}psychologie.unizh.ch

Falko F. Sniehotta, PhD

University of Aberdeen & Aberdeen Centre for Energy Regulation and Obesity Research, Scotland

Silke Burkert, Dipl-Psych

Charité Berlin, Germany

Ralf Schwarzer, PhD

Freie Universität Berlin, Germany

Purpose: This study examines the differential age effects on physical exercise of two planning interventions, action planning (when, where, how) and coping planning (anticipating barriers, mental simulation of success scenarios), and examines the mediating mechanisms of the interventions. Methods: The study assigned the participants, 205 cardiac rehabilitation patients, to one of the intervention groups (action-planning only or combined-planning group) or to a control group. Baseline measurement and follow-up took place 2 months apart. Results: The interventions enhanced physical exercise independently of age. Pretreatment coping planning was higher in older (65-82 years) than in younger (38-54 years) or middle-aged (55-64 years) participants. At Time 2, older participants were the only ones without further increase in coping planning. Advancement in coping planning partially mediated the effect of the intervention. Conclusion: Coping planning facilitates improvement of physical exercise. Implications of age differences in planning are discussed.

Key Words: planning • physical exercise • self-regulation • cardiac rehabilitation • aging


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