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Journal of Aging and Health
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Sadness Predicts Death in Older People

James K. Cooper, MD

George Washington University

Yael Harris, MHS

Department of Health and Human Services

John Mcgready, MS

Johns Hopkins School of Public Health

Objective: To determine if a question about symptoms of depression in a mail survey predicts mortality after adjusting for a large number of covariates. Design: National cross-sectional survey of 141,589 enrollees in Medicare, age 65 and older. Analyses used multivariate logistic regression models with death as the outcome. Results: Response to a question about sadness or anhedonia was associated with death in 2 years (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.2, 1.4). Results were consistent across age, gender, and presence/absence of known heart disease. Other responses associated with death were older age, male gender, and self-reported cancers, shortness of breath, heart failure, smoking, and other characteristics. Higher education and being married appeared to protect from death. Discussion: A single survey question about feelings of sadness or anhedonia is predictive of death in 2 years.

Journal of Aging and Health, Vol. 14, No. 4, 509-526 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/089826402237181
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