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Journal of Aging and Health
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Urinary Incontinence and Risk of Death among Community-Living Elderly People

Results from the National Survey on Self-Care and Aging

Theodore M. Johnson, II, MD, MPH

Extended Care, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Emory University, School of Medicine

Shulamit L. Bernard, PhD

Research Triangle Institute

Jean E. Kincade, PhD

University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Program on Aging

Gordon H. Defriese, PhD

University of North Carolina, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research and School of Public Health

Objectives:The authors explored whether urinary incontinence (UI) is associated with higher mortality and, if so, whether adjustment for demographics, health, and functional status diminishes the association. Methods:The Cox proportional hazards model was used with a nationally representative sample of community-living elderly people (N= 3,485). Results:In an analysis adjusted for age, gender, education, and probability sampling design, participants with mild to moderate UI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-2.08) and severe UI (HR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.03-2.29) experienced a higher risk of death. Adjustment for health and functional status diminished the association of UI and risk of death (mild to moderate UI, HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.85-1.68; severe UI, HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.59-1.39). Discussion:The relationship between UI and mortality in older adults can largely be understood on the basis of increased frailty in incontinent individuals.

Journal of Aging and Health, Vol. 12, No. 1, 25-46 (2000)
DOI: 10.1177/089826430001200102
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